2.3.1 Planning a business and raising finance 4 FORMS OF BUSINESS This complete lesson includes: a) Sole trader, partnership and private limited company (Ltd) b) Franchising, social enterprise, lifestyle businesses, online businesses c) Growth to public limited companies (plc) and stock market flotation This lesson is written by Sarah Hilton at Revisionstation

2.3.1 Planning a business and raising finance 3 EXTERNAL FINANCE This complete lesson will include: a) Sources of finance and their suitability for different circumstances: • family and friends • banks • peer-to-peer funding • business angels • crowd funding • other businesses b) Methods of finance and their suitability for different circumstances: • loans • share capital • venture capital • overdrafts • leasing • trade credit • grants This lesson is written by Sarah Hilton at Revisionstation

232 Financial Planning 4 CASH FLOW This complete lesson includes: a) Construction and interpretation of simple cash-flow forecasts b) Use and limitations of cash-flow forecasts This lesson is written by Sarah Hilton at Revisionstation

234 Resource Management 1 PRODUCTION, PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY This complete lesson includes: a) Methods of production: • job • batch • flow • cell b) Productivity: • output per unit of input per time period • factors influencing productivity • link between productivity and competitiveness • ways to improve productivity c) Efficiency: • production at minimum average cost • factors influencing efficiency • ways to improve efficiency d) The distinction between labour- and capital-intensive production e) Competitive advantage from short product lead-in times This lesson is written by Sarah Hilton at Revisionstation

234 Resource Management 4 QUALITY MANAGEMENT This complete lesson includes: a) Quality: • control • assurance • circles b) Total Quality Management (TQM) c) Continuous improvement (Kaizen) d) Competitive advantage from quality management This lesson is written by Sarah Hilton at Revisionstation

a) Cultural diversity: recognition that groups of people across the globe have different interests and values b) Features of global niche markets c) Application and adaptation of the marketing mix (4Ps) to suit global niches This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a student worksheet Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

a) The impact of movements in exchange rates b) Competitive advantage through: o cost competitiveness o differentiation c) Skill shortages and their impact on international competitiveness This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a student worksheet Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

a) Spreading risk over different countries/regions b) Entering new markets/trade blocs c) Acquiring national/international brand names/patents d) Securing resources/supplies e) Maintaining/increasing global competitiveness This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a student worksheet Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

a) Factors to consider: o costs of production o skills and availability of labour force o infrastructure o location in trade bloc o government incentives o ease of doing business o political stability o natural resources o likely return on investment This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a student worksheet Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0 This lesson covers: The distinction between management and leadership Types of management and leadership styles and influences on these – theories: Common leadership styles Autocratic Paternalistic Democratic Laissez-faire The Tannenbaum and Schmidt continuum The effectiveness of different styles of management and leadership This lesson was written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0 This lesson covers: The need to consider stakeholder needs when making decisions Stakeholder mapping Stakeholder power and interest Stakeholder needs and the possible overlap and conflict of these needs How to manage the relationship with different stakeholders Communication Consultation This lesson was written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0 This lesson covers: The elements of the marketing mix (7Ps) The influences on and effects of changes in the elements of the marketing mix The marketing mix should be considered for goods and services, both industrial and consumer. Product decisions the value of product portfolio analysis and the Boston Matrix the value of the product life cycle model including extension strategies influences on and the value of new product development. Pricing decisions Pricing decisions should include penetration and price skimming. and in part 2 Decisions about the promotional mix Promotional decisions should include: the value of branding Social media Viral Marketing Distribution (place) decisions Distribution decisions should include multichannel distribution. Decisions relating to other elements of the marketing mix: people, process and physical environment The importance of and influences on an integrated marketing mix include: the position in the product life cycle the Boston Matrix the type of product marketing objectives the target market competition positioning. Understanding the value of digital marketing and e-commerce This lesson was written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0 This lesson covers: The interpretation, calculation and use of operations data in operational decision-making and planning Calculation of: labour productivity unit costs (average costs) capacity capacity utilisation This lesson was written by Sarah Hilton at Revisionstation

AS(7131) A-level (7132) Specifications For teaching from September 2023 onwards For as exams in May/June 2024 onwards For a-level exams in May/June 2025 onwards Version 2.0 This lesson covers: Internal and external sources of finance debt factoring overdrafts retained profits share capital loans venture capital crowd funding Advantages and disadvantages of different sources of finance for short and long term uses This lesson was written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

a) Ethics of strategic decisions: o trade-offs between profit and ethics b) Pay and rewards c) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers: a) Distinction between inorganic and organic growth b) Methods of growing organically c) Advantages and disadvantages of organic growth Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers: a) Types of pricing strategy: cost plus (calculating mark-up on unit cost) price skimming penetration predatory competitive psychological b) Factors that determine the most appropriate pricing strategy for a particular situation: number of USPs/amount of differentiation price elasticity of demand level of competition in the business environment strength of brand stage in the product life cycle costs and the need to make a profit c) Changes in pricing to reflect social trends: online sales price comparison sites Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

This lesson includes a Powerpoint and a worksheet which covers: a) Small business survival in competitive markets: o product differentiation and USPs o flexibility in responding to customer needs o customer service o e-commerce Written by Sarah Hilton from Revisionstation

EDEXCEL GCSE BUSINESS 2.5.3 EFFECTIVE TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT (COMPLETE LESSON) 253 This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a worksheet and covers: How businesses train and develop employees: Different ways of training and developing employees: formal and informal training, self-learning, ongoing training for all employees, use of target setting and performance reviews Why businesses train and develop employees: The link between training, motivation and retention Retraining to use new technology Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation