This is an 11-slide explainer of the history and significance of Remembrance Day. It is suitable for use in PSHE or Citizenship classes or could even be used with History groups. It is aimed at 11-14 year olds and there are speakers’ notes and review questions at the end, which could be used as the basis of discussion. This is a summary of the contents of the PowerPoint: Origins: Remembrance Sunday began in 1919 to honor those who died in WWI. Significance: It is a day to honor all who died in wars and conflicts, observed worldwide. Symbols: The poppy symbolizes remembrance, inspired by ‘In Flanders Fields’. Two Minute Silence: Observed at 11am to reflect on sacrifices made by fallen soldiers. Global Observance: Remembrance Sunday includes ceremonies, parades, and moments of silence.

Complete Handout/Worksheet on General Defences in English Law. Written by an experienced Law examiner and used many times in classes of my own, obtaining excellent results. This is a 25-page workbook which includes questions and highlighted key points and cases. There is an accompanying Worksheet of review questions in addition to this Worksheet. Here’s a summary of the document: The document provides an overview of various general defences in English law, including Automatism, Insanity, Duress, Intoxication, Consent, and Self-Defense/Prevention of Crime. Automatism: Automatism is divided into non-insane and self-induced automatism. Insanity: Insanity is governed by the M’Naghten Rules, which require proving a defect of reason caused by a disease of the mind, leading to a lack of understanding of the nature and quality of the act or its wrongfulness. Duress: Duress involves committing a crime under the threat of death or serious bodily harm. Intoxication: Intoxication can be a defense for specific intent crimes if it prevents the formation of mens rea. Consent: Consent is generally not a defense for causing actual bodily harm, except in cases of implied consent in sports or medical procedures. Self-Defense/Prevention of Crime: Self-defense allows the use of reasonable force to protect oneself, others, or property. Automatism vs. Insanity: The distinction between automatism and insanity often lies in whether the cause is external (automatism) or internal (insanity), leading to different legal outcomes. Duress by Threats vs. Duress of Circumstances: Duress by threats involves direct threats forcing D to commit a crime, while duress of circumstances involves committing a crime to avoid imminent harm. Voluntary vs. Involuntary Intoxication: Voluntary intoxication is self-induced and generally not a defense for basic intent crimes, while involuntary intoxication can be a defense if it negates mens rea. Proportionality in Self-Defence: The use of force in self-defense must be reasonable and proportional to the threat; excessive force invalidates the defence. An excellent resource for any AS or A Level Law student.

An excellent Handout for students of AS and A Level Law which revises General Defences in English Law. The Worksheets are best used with the accompanying resource: General Defences in English Law. This 9-page Handout consists of: Defences and Burden of Proof: The document includes a table to complete, showing the defences (automatism, consent, duress, insanity, intoxication, self-defense) and the burden of proof for each. Automatism and Insanity: It discusses the differences between non-insane automatism and self-induced automatism, and the principal difference between automatism and insanity. Duress and Intoxication: The document poses true or false questions about duress and intoxication, referencing various cases such as Graham, Cole, Bowen, Abdul Hussain, and others to illustrate key legal principles. Case Scenarios: Several scenarios are given for analysis, asking which defences might be appropriate and assessing the likelihood of success for each defence. An excellent resource Worksheet for any students and teachers of Law.

A 7-page student Handout/Worksheet on the defence of loss of control. Written by an experienced Law Examinaer and used with many groups and classes across the years. The Handout is structured as follows: This defence, along with diminished responsibility, can reduce a murder charge to voluntary manslaughter if successfully pleaded. It replaces the old defence of provocation and is outlined in the Coroners and Justice Act 2009. A person (D) is not convicted of murder if: D’s actions resulted from a loss of self-control. The loss of self-control had a qualifying trigger. A person of D’s sex and age, with normal tolerance and self-restraint, might have reacted similarly. The Act provides guidelines for these points, with cases from the old provocation defence serving as illustrations. If D shows evidence of loss of control, the prosecution must disprove it. Key Cases: Doughty: D killed his baby due to continuous crying. The Court of Appeal quashed his murder conviction, stating provocation should have been considered. Thornton: D, a battered wife, killed her husband. The Court recognized ‘battered wife syndrome’ and quashed her murder conviction. Ahluwalia: D killed her abusive husband after hours of contemplation. The defence of provocation was accepted on appeal. Ibrams: D planned and killed V after a week of provocation. The defence failed as D had time to cool off. Humphreys: D, a prostitute, killed her abusive pimp. The Court of Appeal allowed her characteristics to be considered in the defence. The defence is not available if D acted out of revenge or had time to cool off. Certain characteristics, like age and sex, are relevant in assessing if a hypothetical person would act similarly. However, temporary states of mind or mood are not considered relevant characteristics.

This is a 2-page document which provides a “model answer” written by an experienced Law Examiner to questions on Alternative Dispute Resolution. The document covers four main types of ADR: Negotiation: A quick and cheap method where parties try to reach an agreement, often with the help of solicitors. Mediation: A neutral mediator helps parties reach an agreement, with the process remaining under the parties’ control. Conciliation: Similar to mediation but with a more active role for the conciliator, commonly used in industrial disputes. Arbitration: Parties voluntarily submit their case to a neutral person whose decision is binding, often used in commercial contracts. The document also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using mediation to resolve civil disputes.

This answer consists of 2 pages and is a “model answer” written by an experienced Law Examiner. This document is a model answer for AQA A Level Law, focusing on the judiciary. It addresses three main questions: Training of Judges: Judges are trained by the Judicial Studies Board, with most training aimed at recorders, who are part-time judges. The training includes a one-week course and shadowing an experienced judge. There are criticisms regarding the short duration and lack of practical skills training. Work of Judges: The work varies depending on the level of the court. Justices of the Supreme Court handle appeal cases, Lords Justices of Appeal deal with applications for appeal, High Court Judges try cases and explain the law to the jury, and inferior judges in County Courts decide civil cases and try criminal cases. Importance of Judicial Independence: Judicial independence is crucial to protect citizens from government abuse of power. Judges must be independent from the legislature, executive, and political bias. They have financial independence and immunity from being sued for their judicial action.

This is a “model answer” written by a Law Examiner on the topic of Parliamentary Sovereignty. The Handout provides a model answer to questions related to the law-making process in the House of Lords, the doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty, and the influence of pressure groups on Parliamentary law-making. It outlines the stages a Bill goes through in the House of Lords, describes the principles of Parliamentary sovereignty as defined by Dicey, and discusses the role and impact of pressure groups, including their advantages and disadvantages. It is 2 pages long and would represent about 60 minutes’ worth of teaching, including a discussion of the answer.

This is a “model answer” written by an experienced Law Examiner. The answer is to a common topic on Paper 1 of the AQA A Level Law examinations on sentencing. The document provides model answers on community sentences for adult and young offenders, and the aims of sentencing for young offenders. Community Sentences: The Criminal Justice Act 2003 allows courts to combine various requirements such as unpaid work, curfews, and treatment orders to tailor sentences for offenders aged 16 and over. Aims of Sentencing for Young Offenders: Sentencing aims include retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, protection of the public, reparation, and denunciation, with specific approaches to keep young offenders out of the adult prison system.

This is a 6-page Handout/Worksheet (1669 words) for the EDEXCEL Politics Specification written by an experienced Examiner in Politics. The document provides a comprehensive analysis of Margaret Thatcher’s time as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990. It covers her significant economic, social, and political transformations, focusing on key policies, achievements, and controversies. The analysis delves into her economic reforms, including monetarism and privatization, and their impacts on inflation, unemployment, and public accountability. It also examines her social policies, particularly her contentious relationship with trade unions and the “Right to Buy” housing scheme. Additionally, the document discusses her foreign policy, highlighting the Falklands War and her role in the Cold War. The legacy and controversy section evaluates the long-term effects of her policies on the UK’s economy, society, and political landscape, noting the ongoing debates about her impact. It also contains 6 differentiated questions on Margaret Thatcher and her legacy which could also form the basis of a debate on her record in office.

This is a 9-page student handout or worksheet on the topic of the reform of the law on murder and voluntary manslaughter. It is designed for the AQA Specification but can be used with any Specification requiring a knowledge of reform of the law. The handout discusses the need for reform in the laws governing murder and voluntary manslaughter, highlighting criticisms and proposed changes. Criticisms of Current Murder Law: The current law on murder is criticised for its handling of intent, self-defence, and the mandatory life sentence. Issues with Intent: Establishing intent can be problematic, especially when the primary intent was not to kill but to cause serious bodily harm. Proposals for Intent: A draft criminal code proposed in 1989 aimed to clarify the definition of murder by including awareness of causing death as part of the intent. Self-Defence Concerns: The all-or-nothing approach in self-defence cases is seen as unjust, with defendants either acquitted or sentenced to life imprisonment. Mandatory Life Sentence Issues: The mandatory life sentence for murder is criticized for not allowing judges to consider the seriousness of the killing and for leading to inappropriate manslaughter verdicts. Reform Suggestions for Sentencing: Suggestions include making life sentences discretionary or introducing different degrees of murder with varying sentences.

November sees anti-bullying week, a fantastic initiative which has helped thousands of children around the country. This is a 26-slide PowerPoint presentation, with speaker’s notes, which will introduce the concept to your students and will provide information about where they might be able to get help. The presentation aims to educate teens about cyberbullying, its effects, and how to protect themselves and others. It covers the following key points: What Is Cyberbullying?: This section explains the concept of cyberbullying and how it differs from traditional bullying. Common Platforms Where Cyberbullying Occurs: It discusses the various platforms where cyberbullying is prevalent, including social media platforms, messaging apps, and online gaming platforms. Real-Life Case Examples of Cyberbullying: This section provides real-life examples of cyberbullying incidents on social media, messaging apps, and online gaming platforms. It also discusses the impact on victims and ways to seek help. Effects of Cyberbullying on Victims: It outlines the emotional, psychological, academic, and social consequences of cyberbullying. It also discusses the long-term effects on mental health. How to Protect Yourself and Others: This section provides tips on recognizing signs of cyberbullying, online safety and privacy tips, and ways to stand up to cyberbullying. Where to Get Help in the UK: It lists various support services and helplines available in the UK for victims of cyberbullying, including ChildLine, Victim Support, Internet Matters, and the Anti-Bullying Alliance. Conclusion: The presentation concludes by emphasizing the importance of educating ourselves and others about cyberbullying to create a safer and more supportive online community. Look out for the other PowerPoint presentations on bullying and homophobic bullying.

November sees anti-bullying week, a fantastic initiative which has helped thousands of children around the country. This is a 30-slide PowerPoint presentation, with speaker’s notes, which will introduce the concept to your students and will provide information about where they might be able to get help. The PowerPoint is structured as follows: Anti-bullying Week: A call to action to stop the culture of bullying. Types of Bullying: Includes verbal, social, and cyberbullying, each with distinct characteristics and impacts. Effects on Victims: Bullying can lead to depression, anxiety, poor academic performance, and social isolation. Seeking Support: Victims should seek help from trusted adults, peer support programs, and helplines. Prevention Strategies: Promoting empathy, kindness, and a positive school environment can help prevent bullying. Look out for the other PowerPoint presentations on cyberbulling and homophobic bullying.

This is a 10-page student handout or worksheet on the topic of the reform of the law on non-fatal offences. It includes review questions at the end and will take around 75 minutes to teach. It is designed for the AQA Specification but can be used with any Specification requiring a knowledge of reform of the law. The Handout is structured as follows: The law on non-fatal offences is widely criticized and in need of reform. Academics, judges, and practitioners have highlighted issues such as outdated language, complex structure, and inconsistent sentencing. The Law Commission has proposed reforms to simplify and modernize the law, including clearer definitions and a more logical hierarchy of offences. Despite these proposals, significant changes have yet to be implemented. Review questions at end of Handout.

November sees anti-bullying week, a fantastic initiative which has helped thousands of children around the country. This is a 24-slide PowerPoint presentation, with speaker’s notes, which will introduce the concept to your students and will provide information about where they might be able to get help. The presentation aims to educate teens about homophobic, biphobic, and transphobic bullying and its effects, and how to protect themselves and others. It covers the following key points: Forms of Bullying: Homophobic, biphobic, and transphobic bullying target individuals based on sexual orientation or gender identity. Impact on Victims: Bullying leads to severe mental health issues, social isolation, and academic challenges. Combating Bullying: Education, awareness, and clear anti-bullying policies are essential to create a safe environment. Support Systems: Counseling services, peer support groups, and safe spaces are crucial for victim support. Role Models: Teachers and staff should act as role models and allies to support LGBTQ+ students. Look out for the other PowerPoint presentations on bullying and cyberbullying.

This PowerPoint presentation consists of 74 slides and covers all 5 of the Non-fatal Offences. It is aimed at AQA A Level Law students but could be used with anyone requiring a knowledge of this vital area of law. The PowerPoint incorporates review questions and activities and is an invaluable aid to anyone teaching this topic.

This is a 15-slide PowerPoint presentation for the EDEXCEL Politics Specification written by an experienced Examiner in Politics. The PowerPoint includes Speakers’ Notes. The PowerPoint provides a comprehensive analysis of Margaret Thatcher’s time as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990. It covers her significant economic, social, and political transformations, focusing on key policies, achievements, and controversies. The analysis delves into her economic reforms, including monetarism and privatisation, and their impacts on inflation, unemployment, and public accountability. It also examines her social policies, particularly her contentious relationship with trade unions and the “Right to Buy” housing scheme. Additionally, the PowerPoint discusses her foreign policy, highlighting the Falklands War and her role in the Cold War. The legacy and controversy section evaluates the long-term effects of her policies on the UK’s economy, society, and political landscape, noting the ongoing debates about her impact. In terms of activities, there is a 39-minute video on the legacy of Margaret Thatcher from her official biographer, Charles Moore, which then leads to a debate topic on the legacy of Thatcher.

**This is a Student Worksheet/Handout which forms part of a 3-part bundle on Globalisation. This lesson was awarded a Grade 1 in a recent OFSTED inspection. Do not buy this individual resource! It is part of a package of 3 items which is discounted at 33% off normal individual resource prices. Uploading each individual item was the only way that I could package all 3 resources together to make up a Grade 1 lesson bundle!**