C10-Chemical analysis-Pure substances and mixtures lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a low ability year 11 class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: slide animations, embedded videos and practice questions with answers on slides as well as a interactive review task. If for any reason the video link does not work, a URL has also been included in the notes. AQA spec link: 5.8.1.1 and 5.8.1.2 In chemistry, a pure substance is a single element or compound, not mixed with any other substance. Pure elements and compounds melt and boil at specific temperatures. Melting point and boiling point data can be used to distinguish pure substances from mixtures. In everyday language, a pure substance can mean a substance that has had nothing added to it, so it is unadulterated and in its natural state, eg pure milk. Students should be able to use melting point and boiling point data to distinguish pure from impure substances. Many products are complex mixtures in which each chemical has a particular purpose. Formulations are made by mixing the components in carefully measured quantities to ensure that the product has the required properties. Formulations include fuels, cleaning agents, paints, medicines, alloys, fertilisers and foods. Students should be able to identify formulations given appropriate information. Students do not need to know the names of components in proprietary products.

Chemical properties-2-Oxidation and Reduction lesson created in accordance to the Pearsons BTEC national specification for applied science. The specification mentions a lot of chemical properties so i have separated into three lessons. In this second lesson i have covered oxidation, reduction and variable oxidation states of transition metal ions. This new specification requires students to sit an externally assessed examination in January. Includes slide animations and practice questions with answers on slides. Relevant chapter: Principles and applications of science. Pearson Applied science (Student 1) textbook-Page 30-33

C13-The Earth’s atmosphere-History of our atmoshphere lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a mixed ability year 11 separates class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: slide animations, embedded videos, and homework with answers as well as a interactive review task. If for any reason the video link does not work, a URL has also been included in the notes. For further enquiries please email paperfriendlyresources@gmail.com AQA spec link: 4.9.1.2, 3 Theories about what was in the Earth’s early atmosphere and how the atmosphere was formed have changed and developed over time. Evidence for the early atmosphere is limited because of the time scale of 4.6 billion years. One theory suggests that during the first billion years of the Earth’s existence there was intense volcanic activity that released gases that formed the early atmosphere and water vapour that condensed to form the oceans. At the start of this period the Earth’s atmosphere may have been like the atmospheres of Mars and Venus today, consisting of mainly carbon dioxide with little or no oxygen gas. Volcanoes also produced nitrogen which gradually built up in the atmosphere and there may have been small proportions of methane and ammonia. When the oceans formed carbon dioxide dissolved in the water and carbonates were precipitated producing sediments, reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. No knowledge of other theories is required. Students should be able to, given appropriate information, interpret evidence and evaluate different theories about the Earth’s early atmosphere. 9.1.3 Algae and plants produced the oxygen that is now in the atmosphere by photosynthesis, which can be represented by the equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen Algae first produced oxygen about 2.7 billion years ago and soon after this oxygen appeared in the atmosphere. Over the next billion years plants evolved and the percentage of oxygen gradually increased to a level that enabled animals to evolve.

C13-The Earth’s atmosphere-Our evolving atmosphere lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a mixed ability year 11 separates class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: slide animations, embedded videos, and homework with answers as well as a interactive review task. If for any reason the video link does not work, a URL has also been included in the notes. For further enquiries please email paperfriendlyresources@gmail.com AQA spec link: 4.9.1.1, 2, 4 AQA spec link: For 200 million years, the proportions of different gases in the atmosphere have been much the same as they are today: • about four-fifths (approximately 80%) nitrogen • about one-fifth (approximately 20%) oxygen • small proportions of various other gases, including carbon dioxide, water vapour, and noble gases. Volcanoes also produced nitrogen which gradually built up in the atmosphere and there may have been small proportions of methane and ammonia. Algae and plants decreased the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide was also decreased by the formation of sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels that contain carbon. Students should be able to: • describe the main changes in the atmosphere over time and some of the likely causes of these changes • describe and explain the formation of deposits of limestone, coal, crude oil, and natural gas.

Physical properties lesson-1 created in accordance to the Pearsons BTEC national specification for applied science. The specification mentions a lot of physical properties that i have separated into two lessons. In this first lesson i have covered first ionisation energy reasons for trends in ionisation energy across Periods 2–4 and down Groups 1, 2 and 7, electron affinity, atomic radius and ionic radius. There is a lot of content in this lesson, based on the ability of the class you may wish to carry over some content in an additional lesson. This new specification requires students to sit an externally assessed examination in January. Includes slide animations and practice questions with answers on slides. Relevant chapter: Principles and applications of science. Pearson Applied science (Student 1) textbook-Page 24-28 Link to specification A2 Production and uses of substances in relation to properties Understand the physical properties of elements: first ionisation energy reasons for trends in ionisation energy across Periods 2–4 and down Groups 1, 2 and 7 electron affinity atomic radius ionic radius

C9-Organic chemistry-Burning hydrocarbon fuels created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a mixed ability year 11 separates class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: slide animations, embedded videos, practical demo, and homework with answers as well as a interactive review task. If for any reason the video link does not work, a URL has also been included in the notes. For further enquiries please email paperfriendlyresources@gmail.com AQA spec link: 4.7.1.3 The combustion of hydrocarbon fuels releases energy. During combustion, the carbon and hydrogen in the fuels are oxidised. The complete combustion of a hydrocarbon produces carbon dioxide and water. Students should be able to write balanced equations for the complete combustion of hydrocarbons with a given formula.

C13-The Earth’s atmosphere-Global climate change lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a mixed ability year 11 separates class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: slide animations, embedded videos, and homework with answers as well as a interactive review task. If for any reason the video link does not work, a URL has also been included in the notes. For further enquiries please email paperfriendlyresources@gmail.com AQA spec link: 4.9.2.3,4

C13-The Earth’s atmosphere-Atmospheric pollutants lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a mixed ability year 11 separates class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: slide animations, embedded videos, and homework with answers as well as a interactive review task. If for any reason the video link does not work, a URL has also been included in the notes. For further enquiries please email paperfriendlyresources@gmail.com AQA spec link: 4.9.3.1, 2

Ionic bonding lesson created in accordance to the Pearsons BTEC national specification for applied science. This topic is covered in unit 1 chemistry-Periodicity and properties of elements. This new specification requires students to sit an externally assessed examination in January. Includes slide animations, worksheets, homework and practice questions with answers on slides. Relevant chapter: Principles and applications of science. Pearson Applied science (Student 1) textbook-Page 7-8 The specification requires students to know the following: -Understand ionic bonding -strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions -effects ionic radius and ionic charge have on strength of ionic bonding -formation of ions in terms of electron loss or gain -electronic configuration of cations and anions

C10-Chemical analysis-Chromatography required practical lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a low ability year 11 class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: slide animations, and practice questions with answers on slides. *I have not included the theory of chromatography in this lesson* AQA spec link: Students should be able to tell the difference between coloured substances. Students should calculate Rf values. AT skills covered by this practical activity: chemistry AT 1 and 4. This practical activity also provides opportunities to develop WS and MS. Details of all skills are given in Key opportunities for skills development.

C9-Organic chemistry-Hydrocarbons lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a high ability year 11 separates class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: slide animations, embedded videos and practice questions with answers on slides as well as a interactive review task. If for any reason the video link does not work, a URL has also been included in the notes. AQA spec link: 4.7.1.1 Crude oil is a finite resource found in rocks. Crude oil is the remains of an ancient biomass consisting mainly of plankton that was buried in mud. Crude oil is a mixture of a very large number of compounds. Most of the compounds in crude oil are hydrocarbons, which are molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only. Most of the hydrocarbons in crude oil are hydrocarbons called alkanes. The general formula for the homologous series of alkanes is CnH2n+2 The first four members of the alkanes are methane, ethane, propane and butane. Alkane molecules can be represented in the following forms: C2H6 or Students should be able to recognise substances as alkanes given their formulae in these forms. Students do not need to know the names of specific alkanes other than methane, ethane, propane and butane.

C13-The Earth’s atmosphere-Greenhouse gases lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a mixed ability year 11 separates class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: slide animations, embedded videos, and homework with answers as well as a interactive review task. If for any reason the video link does not work, a URL has also been included in the notes. For further enquiries please email paperfriendlyresources@gmail.com AQA spec link: 4.9.2.1, 2, Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere maintain temperatures on Earth high enough to support life. Water vapour, carbon dioxide, and methane are greenhouse gases. Students should be able to describe the greenhouse effect in terms of the interaction of short and long wavelength radiation with matter. Some human activities increase the amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These include: • carbon dioxide • methane. Students should be able to recall two human activities that increase the amounts of each of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane. Based on peer-reviewed evidence, many scientists believe that human activities will cause the temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere to increase at the surface and that this will result in global climate change. However, it is difficult to model such complex systems as global climate change. This leads to simplified models, speculation, and opinions presented in the media that may be based on only parts of the evidence and which may be biased. Students should be able to: • evaluate the quality of evidence in a report about global climate change given appropriate information • describe uncertainties in the evidence base • recognise the importance of peer review of results and of communicating results to a wide range of audiences.

Physical properties lesson-2 created in accordance to the Pearsons BTEC national specification for applied science. The specification mentions a lot of physical properties so i have separated into two lessons. Part 2 of physical properties of elements covers electronegativity, type of bonding in the element trends – melting point and boiling point, physical properties of metals – electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity,malleability and ductility. Students found this lesson easier as there was overlap with some unit A1 lessons. This new specification requires students to sit an externally assessed examination in January. Includes slide animations and practice questions with answers on slides. Relevant chapter: Principles and applications of science. Pearson Applied science (Student 1) textbook-Page 25-30 Link to specification A2 Production and uses of substances in relation to properties Understand the physical properties of elements: electronegativity type of bonding in the element trends – melting point and boiling point physical properties of metals – electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, malleability, ductility.

C12-Using Earths resources-Treating waste water lesson created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). Designed for a low ability year 11 class, although content can be adjusted to suit any ability. Includes: slide animations, embedded videos and practice questions with answers on slides as well as a interactive review task. If for any reason the video link does not work, a URL has also been included in the notes. AQA spec link: 5.10.1.3 Urban lifestyles and industrial processes produce large amounts of waste water that require treatment before being released into the environment. Sewage and agricultural waste water require removal of organic matter and harmful microbes. Industrial waste water may require removal of organic matter and harmful chemicals. Sewage treatment includes: •• screening and grit removal •• sedimentation to produce sewage sludge and effluent •• anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge •• aerobic biological treatment of effluent. Students should be able to comment on the relative ease of obtaining potable water from waste, ground and salt water.

C2-Development of the periodic table homework created in accordance to the NEW AQA Specification (9-1). This is a great flip learning activity, give yourself a little break and allow your students to present their timelines/fact sheets :) For further enquiries please email paperfriendlyresources@gmail.com Also available via instagram: Paperfriendlyresourcesuk AQA spec link: 4.1.2.2

Unit 2-Practical scientific procedures and techniques Learning aim C: Undertake chromatographic techniques to identify components in mixtures. For many of my students this was the first time they needed to write a scientific report i thus produced a guide for this learning aim. This was a huge success and i had the pleasure of marking some beautifully written reports. The relevant P/M/D criteria for this learning aim have been covered within this guide. I’ve also attached the specification and assignment briefs so you can have it all in one place. Best of all enjoy it all for free :)