The children’s commissioner for Scotland has called on the government to apologise over this year’s escalating SQA results controversy and to change the methodology for calculating grades.

The office of commissioner Bruce Adamson said children from more deprived areas have been downgraded based on the historic performance of their school rather than their own performance.

The Children’s and Young People’s Commissioner Scotland (CYPCS) called on education secretary John Swinney to ensure that the Scottish Qualifications Authority to “achieve a just outcome for all young people”.

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In a letter to the SQA and the Scottish government, the CYPCS lays out a series of steps to make the appeal process for pupils fairer.

It includes allowing young people to disagree with the grade estimated by their school, and grades being awarded based solely on the evidence presented and not “statistical modelling or moderation”.

“If this results in significantly higher pass marks compared to previous years, no further adjustment will be made to grades to seek to bring them into line with those historic statistics,” the CYPCS argues.

The letter also calls on the government and SQA to apologise to young people.

Nick Hobbs, CYPCS head of advice and investigations, criticised the SQA’s “refusal to discuss its proposed methodology in advance” and said young people are now “experiencing significant anxiety and distress”.

He added: “This situation has placed process before people, and in endeavouring to protect the system has delivered results to individual students that are simply unfair.

“It appears that too many young people have not received the results they deserve and they are due an apology as well as redress.

“Children from more deprived areas report being downgraded, not based on an assessment of their own abilities and potential but on the historic performance of the school they attend.

“The unfairness of this approach is obvious and it should make the government scrutinise in much more detail the way in which we assess young people’s performance and potential.”

Mr Swinney will on Tuesday set out a series of steps to address the concerns of pupils over exam results.

He said he had “heard the anger of students who feel their hard work has been taken away” and said he was “determined to address it”.

“These are unprecedented times and as we have said throughout this pandemic, we will not get everything right first time,” he said.

“Every student deserves a grade that reflects the work they have done, and that is what I want to achieve.

“I have been engaged in detailed discussions over the way forward and I know that we need to act and act quickly to give certainty to our young people.”