a) Push factors: o saturated markets o competition b) Pull factors: o economies of scale o risk spreading c) Possibility of off-shoring and outsourcing d) Extending the product life cycle by selling in multiple markets This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a student worksheet Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

a) Considerations for businesses: o cultural differences o different tastes o language o unintended meanings o inappropriate/inaccurate translations o inappropriate branding and promotion This lesson includes a PowerPoint and a student worksheet Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

This is a simple revision supply and demand worksheet in PDF to use with students so they have two handy sheets to revise from. Students fill in the sheets with all the supply and demand diagrams Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

2.3.1 Profit a) Calculation of: o gross profit o operating profit o profit for the year (net profit) b) Statement of comprehensive income (profit and loss account): o measuring profitability: calculation of gross profit margin, operating profit margin, and profit for the year (net profit) margin o ways to improve profitability c) Distinction between profit and cash 2.3.2 Liquidity a) Statement of financial position (balance sheet): o measuring liquidity: calculating current ratio and acid test ratio o ways to improve liquidity b) Working capital and its management: the importance of cash 2.3.3 Business failure a) Internal and external causes of business failure: o financial factors o non-financial factors

2.1.1 Internal finance a) Owner’s capital: personal savings b) Retained profit c) Sale of assets 2.1.2 External finance a) Sources of finance: o family and friends o banks o peer-to-peer funding o business angels o crowd funding o other businesses b) Methods of finance: o loans o share capital o venture capital o overdrafts o leasing o trade credit o grants 2.1.3 Liability a) Implications of limited and unlimited liability b) Finance appropriate for limited and unlimited liability businesses 2.1.4 Planning a) Relevance of a business plan in obtaining finance b) Interpretation of a simple cash-flow forecast and calculations based on changes in the cash-flow variables c) Use and limitations of a cash-flow forecast

2.4.1 Production, productivity and efficiency a) Methods of production: o job o batch o flow o cell b) Productivity: o output per unit of input per time period: factors influencing productivity link between productivity and competitiveness c) Efficiency: o production at minimum average cost: factors influencing efficiency distinction between labour and capital intensive production 2.4.2 Capacity utilisation a) Capacity utilisation: o current output (divided by) maximum possible output (x 100) b) Implications of under- and over-utilisation of capacity c) Ways of improving capacity utilisation 2.4.3 Stock control a) Interpretation of stock control diagram b) Buffer stocks c) Implications of poor stock control d) Just in time (JIT) management of stock e) Waste minimisation f) Competitive advantage from lean production 2.4.4 Quality management a) Quality: o control o assurance o circles o Total Quality Management (TQM) b) Continuous improvement (Kaizen) c) Competitive advantage from quality management

1.2.1 Demand a) Factors leading to a change in demand: o changes in the prices of substitutes and complementary goods o changes in consumer incomes o fashions, tastes and preferences o advertising and branding o demographics o external shocks o seasonality 1.2.2 Supply a) Factors leading to a change in supply: o changes in the costs of production o introduction of new technology o indirect taxes o government subsidies o external shocks 1.2.3 Markets a) The interaction of supply and demand b) The drawing and interpretation of supply and demand diagrams to show the causes and consequences of price changes 1.2.4 Price elasticity of demand a) Calculation of price elasticity of demand b) Interpretation of numerical values of price elasticity of demand c) The factors influencing price elasticity of demand d) The significance of price elasticity of demand to businesses in terms of implications for pricing e) Calculation and interpretation of the relationship between price elasticity of demand and total revenue 1.2.5 Income elasticity of demand a) Calculation of income elasticity of demand b) Interpretation of numerical values of income elasticity of demand c) The factors influencing income elasticity of demand d) The significance of income elasticity of demand to businesses

1.4.1 Approaches to staffing a) Staff as an asset; staff as a cost b) Flexible workforce: o multi-skilling o part-time and temporary o flexible hours and home working o outsourcing c) Distinction between dismissal and redundancy d) Employer/employee relationships o individual approach o collective bargaining 1.4.2 Recruitment, selection and training a) Recruitment and selection process: o internal versus external recruitment b) Costs of recruitment, selection and training c) Types of training: o induction o on-the-job o off-the-job 1.4.3 Organisational design a) Structure: o hierarchy o chain of command o span of control o centralised and decentralised b) Types of structure: o tall o flat o matrix c) Impact of different organisational structures on business efficiency and motivation 1.4.4 Motivation in theory and practice a) The importance of employee motivation to a business b) Motivation theories: o Taylor (scientific management) o Mayo (human relations theory) o Maslow (hierarchy of needs) o Herzberg (two factor theory) c) Financial incentives to improve employee performance: o piecework o commission o bonus o profit share o performance-related pay d) Non-financial techniques to improve employee performance: o delegation o consultation o empowerment o team working o flexible working o job enrichment o job rotation o job enlargement 1.4.5 Leadership a) Leadership: o the distinction between management and leadership b) Types of leadership style: o autocratic o paternalistic o democratic o laissez-faire

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Business (iGCSE) 1.6.3 The effect of interest rates on: • businesses • consumer spending. This is a complete lesson with a PPT and a worksheet Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (iGCSE) 1.6.1 Government spending: • to provide public service • taxation and constraints on public spending. This is a complete lesson with a PPT and a worksheet Written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Business (iGCSE) 1.5.4 The impact of exchange rate changes: • on international competitiveness • on importers and exporters. This is a complete lesson with a PPT and a worksheet written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Business 1.4.1 The main factors influencing location decisions 1.4.1 The main factors influencing location decisions and relocation of a business: • proximity to market, labour, materials and competitors • nature of the business activity • the impact of the internet on location decisions - e-commerce and/or fixed premises • legal controls and trade blocs. This is a complete lesson with a teacher PowerPoint and a student worksheet. Written by Sarah Hilton at Revisionstation

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Business 1.2.1 The main types of business ownership 1.2.1 The main types of business ownership: • sole trader • partnerships • limited companies (private and public) • public corporations. This is a complete lesson with a teacher PowerPoint and a student worksheet. Written by Sarah Hilton at Revisionstation

Revisionstation’s A-Z revision ideas booklet 26 pages of 130 revision ideas, challenges, games, memory techniques, and time management tools in one fabulous booklet Perfect for revision lessons or send a digital copy to all students Ideal for any subject and any topic

This lesson is suitable for students that need extra support with the tricky topic of Quantitative Sales Forecasting It is written for students studying Edexcel A level Business but would also suit students on the Pearson International Edexcel A level business course. This includes a worksheet and a separate answer booklet in Word and PDF format Written by Sarah Hilton at Revisionstation

This lesson covers: The use of segmentation to target customers Age Gender Income Location Lifestyle This lesson is written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

This lesson covers: Different organisational structures Tall, flat The terminology of organisation charts Span of control, chain of command, delegation, subordinates, authority Why businesses have different organisational structures Importance of effective communication, different job roles and responsibilities, different ways of working Ways of working Full-time, part-time, flexible working, temporary work, working from home, working whilst mobile, self-employed This lesson is written by Sarah Hilton for Revisonstation

This lesson covers: The purpose of human resources in business Identifying and meeting the human resource needs of a business This lesson is written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

This lesson covers: Why businesses recruit Replace employees who leave, business growth, skill gaps Methods of selection CV, application form, letter of application, interviews, tests, group activities, references The use of different recruitment methods to meet different business needs internal methods, external methods, job description and person specification This lesson is written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation

This complete lesson covers: The impact of consumer law on business Reputation of the business, safety and satisfactory quality of goods This lesson was written by Sarah Hilton for Revisionstation