This detailed lesson describes the role of the mRNA, tRNA, rRNA and amino acids during the second stage of protein synthesis - translation. Both the PowerPoint and accompanying resources have been designed to cover the second part of point 2.1.3 (g) of the OCR A-level Biology A specification and continually links back to the previous lessons in this module on the structure of DNA and RNA and the genetic code Translation is a topic which is often poorly understood and so this lesson has been written to enable the students to understand how to answer the different types of questions by knowing and including the key details of the structures involved. The lesson begins by challenging the students to consider why it is so important that the amino acids are assembled in the correct order during the formation of the chain. Moving forwards, a quick quiz round called “LOST IN TRANSLATION” is used to check on their prior knowledge of the mRNA strand, the tRNA molecules, the genetic code and the ribosomes. The next task involves a very detailed description of translation that has been divided into 14 statements which the students have to put into the correct order. By giving them a passage that consists of this considerable detail, they can pick out the important parts to use in the next task where they have to answer shorter questions worth between 3 and 4 marks. These types of questions are common in the assessments and by building up through the lesson, their confidence to answer this type should increase. The final two tasks of the lesson involve another quiz, where the teams compete to transcribe and translate in the quickest time before using all that they have absorbed to answer some questions which involve the genetic code and the mRNA codon table

This lesson focuses on the structure of RNA and specifically the similarities and differences between this nucleic acid and DNA so that students are prepared for the upcoming lessons on transcription and translation. The engaging and detailed PowerPoint and accompanying resource have been designed to cover part 1 of point 2.1.3 (g) of the OCR A-level Biology A specification which states that students should be able to describe the structure of molecules of messenger RNA, transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA. Students were introduced to nucleotides and the detailed structure of DNA in previous lessons, so this lesson is written to tie in with those and continuously challenge prior knowledge as well as understanding of the current topic. The lesson begins by reminding students that RNA is a member of the family of nucleic acids and therefore has a number of structural features that are commonly shared with DNA. A quiz round called “A FAMILY AFFAIR” is used to challenge their knowledge of DNA to recognise those features that are also found on RNA such as the chain of linked nucleotides, pentose sugars, nitrogenous bases and phosphodiester bonds. The next task pushes them to consider features that have not been mentioned and therefore are differences as they answer a structured exam-style question on how RNA differs from DNA. Students will learn that RNA is shorter than DNA and this leads into the final part of the lesson where mRNA and tRNA are introduced and again they are challenged to use the new information explain the difference in size. Brief details of transcription and then translation are provided so that students are prepared for the upcoming lessons on protein synthesis.

This is a concise, fast-paced lesson that introduces students to addition polymers and guides them through drawing displayed formulae to represent both the monomers and polymers involved in these reactions. Students will learn the conditions needed for these reactions and that the polymers produced by addition reactions are the only products. The main part of the lesson involves a step by step guide to show students how to draw displayed formulae. Hints are given throughout the process so that students can remember the key ideas and are able to represent these substances accurately. A number of progress checks have been written into the lesson so that students can assess their understanding any misconceptions can be addressed. This lesson has been written for GCSE students

This is a concise, fast-paced lesson that has been designed to enable students to discover the key structural features of a synapse and be able to write accurate descriptions of the sequence of events that occur at these structures. The neurotransmitter involved is acetyl choline and therefore this is specifically a lesson about cholinergic synapses. The lesson begins by going through the terminology associated with synapses which includes pre-synaptic terminal or knob, synaptic cleft and post-synaptic neurone. Then time is taken to look at each of the two neurones and the structures found inside the terminal or on the membranes. The main task of the lesson involves a step by step guide through the sequence of events at the synapse. This guide has been written in a bullet point format and students are challenged to use the features they have met and their own Biological knowledge to complete each point. The final part of the lesson looks at how the enzyme acetylcholinesterase is involved in the breakdown and then how the neurotransmitter is re-formed using the ATP generated in the mitochondria This lesson is written for A-level students

This is a fully-resourced revision lesson that uses a combination of exam questions, understanding checks, quick tasks and quiz competitions to help the students to assess their understanding of the sub-topics found within Topic C3 (Chemical change) of the Edexcel GCSE Combined Science specification. The sub-topics and specification points that are tested within the lesson include: Acids, pH and the concentration of hydrogen ions The general reactions of the acids to produce salts Electrolysis of molten salts Electrolysis of aqueous solutions Writing half equations for the reactions at the electrodes Students will be engaged through the numerous quiz rounds whilst crucially being able to recognise those areas which require their further attention during general revision or during the lead up to the actual assessment

This is a fully-resourced revision lesson that uses a combination of exam questions, understanding checks, quick tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the sub-topics found within Topic P10 (Electricity and their circuits) of the Edexcel GCSE Combined Science specification. The sub-topics and specification points that are tested within the lesson include: Draw and use electric circuit diagrams Describe the difference between series and parallel circuits Recall that an ammeter is set up in series and a voltmeter is set up in parallel Explain that the electric current is the rate of flow of charge Recall and use the equation connecting potential difference, current and resistance Calculate the current, potential difference and resistance in series and parallel circuits Describe power as the energy transferred per second and is measured in Watts Describe the differences between alternating and direct current Recall that mains electricity uses alternating current and has a frequency of 50Hz Explain the difference between the function of the neutral and live wires Explain the function of the earth wire and fuses in ensuring safety Students will be engaged through the numerous quiz rounds whilst crucially being able to recognise those areas which require their further attention during general revision or during the lead up to the actual GCSE terminal exams

This is a fully-resourced revision lesson that uses a combination of exam questions, understanding checks, quick tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the content found within Module P1 (Matter) of the OCR Gateway A GCSE Combined Science specification. The sub-topics and specification points that are tested within the lesson include: Describe how the atomic model has changed over time Define density Measure length, volume and mass to calculate density Explain the differences in density between the different states of matter in terms of the arrangements of atoms and molecules Describe how physical changes differ from chemical changes Define the term specific heat capacity and distinguis between this term and specific latent heat Carry out calculations to apply the equations involving specific heat capacity and specific latent heat Students will be engaged through the numerous quiz rounds whilst crucially being able to recognise those areas which require their further attention during general revision or during the lead up to the actual GCSE terminal exams

This is a fully-resourced revision lesson, that is likely to be most effective when used over the course of a series of lessons, and has been designed to help students to revise and assess their knowledge of the content that is found in topics P4 (Waves and radioactivity), P5(Energy) and P6 (Global challenges) of the OCR Gateway A GCSE Combined Science specification. This is the content that will be assessed in paper 6 in the terminal exams. This revision lesson uses a combination of exam questions, understanding checks, quick tasks and quiz competitions to cover the following sub-topics and specification points: Wave behaviour The electromagnetic spectrum Radioactivity Work done Power and efficiency Physics on the move Powering Earth This lesson contains a big emphasis on the mathematical calculations that will be involved in these exams, and as a result students are challenged to recall the equations and to apply them. Students will be engaged through the numerous quiz rounds whilst crucially being able to recognise those areas which require their further attention during general revision or during the lead up to the actual GCSE terminal exams. A lot of the tasks have been differentiated so that students of all abilities can access the work and be challenged appropriately.

This is a fully-resourced REVISION lesson that uses a combination of exam questions, understanding checks, quick tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the content found within Topic 5 (Energy transfers in and between organisms) of the AQA A-level Biology specification. The sub-topics and specification points that are tested within the lesson include: The light dependent reaction including the production of ATP and reduced NADP and the photolysis of water The light-independent reaction to form triose phosphate and regenerate RuBP Identify environmental factors that limit the rate of photosynthesis Glycolysis as the first stage of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration The conversion of pyruvate to lactate The stages of aerobic respiration that occur in the mitochondria Losses of energy through food chains The roles of microorganisms in the nitrogen cycle The environmental issues of the use of fertilisers as seen with eutrophication Students will be engaged through the numerous quiz rounds such as “Can you DEPEND on your knowledge” and “Are you on the right PATH” whilst crucially being able to recognise those areas which require their further attention during general revision or during the lead up to the actual A-level terminal exams

This is an engaging and fully-resourced revision lesson which uses a range of exam questions, understanding checks, quick tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the content within topic 8 (Exchange and transport in animals) of the Edexcel GCSE Biology 9-1 specification. The specification points that are covered in this revision lesson include: Explain the need for exchange surfaces and a transport system in multicellular organisms including the calculation of surface area : volume ratio Explain how alveoli are adapted for gas exchange by diffusion between air in the lungs and blood in capillaries Describe the factors affecting the rate of diffusion, including surface area, concentration gradient and diffusion distance Explain how the structure of the blood is related to its function Explain how the structure of the blood vessels is related to their function Explain how the structure of the heart and circulatory system is related to its function, including the role of the major blood vessels, the valves Describe cellular respiration as an exothermic reaction which occurs continuously in living cells to release energy for metabolic processes, including aerobic and anaerobic respiration Compare the process of aerobic respiration with the process of anaerobic respiration Calculate heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output, using the equation cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate The students will thoroughly enjoy the range of activities, which include quiz competitions such as Where’s LENNY?” where they compete to recognise the blood vessel being described from the clues whilst crucially being able to recognise the areas of this topic which need their further attention. This lesson can be used as revision resource at the end of the topic or in the lead up to mocks or the actual GCSE exams.

This is an engaging REVISION lesson which uses a range of exam questions, understanding checks, quick tasks and quiz competitions to enable students to assess their understanding of the content within topic 6 (Waves) of the AQA GCSE Physics (8463) specification. The specification points that are covered in this revision lesson include: Transverse and longitudinal waves Properties of waves Reflection of waves Sound waves Waves for detection and exploration Types of electromagnetic waves Properties of electromagnetic waves Visible light The students will thoroughly enjoy the range of activities, which include quiz competitions such as “Should you WAVE goodbye” where they have to determine whether a passage about waves is 100% correct or not whilst all the time evaluating and assessing which areas of this topic will need their further attention. This lesson can be used as revision resource at the end of the topic or in the lead up to mocks or the actual GCSE exams

This is an engaging lesson that looks at a range of condensation polymers that are formed by condensation reactions. The lesson includes a detailed lesson presentation (51 slides) and accompanying worksheets which contain a differentiated task. The lesson begins by providing the students with a definition of a condensation reaction and challenging them to predict the identity of the smaller molecule. Moving forwards, students will learn that as well as water being a product, the larger molecule is known as a condensation polymer. Time is taken to look at a range of condensation polymers throughout the course of the lesson, and this includes both natural and artificial examples. Students are shown how to draw block diagrams to visualise how the functional groups react and then once water is removed, they are able to see the group that remains and joins the parts together. Students are shown how to name the ester formed according to the carboxylic acid and alcohol involved. The final part of the lesson involves a summary quiz called “It’s time to take the POLYGRAPH” where they have to read a number of passages about condensation polymers and decide which ones are telling lies and which are the truth. This lesson has been written for GCSE students

This is fully-resourced REVISION lesson that contains an engaging PowerPoint (98 slides) and associated differentiated worksheets and has been designed to challenge the students on their knowledge of the content in TOPIC 4 (Electricity and magnetism) of the Cambridge IGCSE Physics specification. The lesson includes a wide range of activities which aim to motivate the students whilst they assess their understanding of the content and recognise those areas which need further attention. The lesson was designed to include as many sub-topics as possible but the following have been given a particular focus: Logic gates Series and parallel circuits and circuit calculations Resistors Diodes and their roles as rectifiers Fleming’s left-hand rule and the motor effect Transformers This lesson is suitable for revision purposes at numerous times of the year, whether it be at the end of the topic or in the lead up the mocks or actual IGCSE exams

This engaging and detailed REVISION resource has been written to encourage students to evaluate their understanding of the content found in MODULE 4.1.1 (Communicable diseases, disease prevention and the immune system) of the OCR A-Level Biology specification. The resource contains a motivating PowerPoint (86 slides) and associated worksheets which have been differentiated to support students of differing abilities in their access of the work. The lesson includes a wide range of activities such as exam questions, quick tasks and quiz competitions to motivate the students whilst they recognise those areas of the specification which require even more attention. The lesson has been designed to cover as much of the content in module 4.1.1 as possible but the following sub-topics have been given particular attention: Communicable diseases caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi Bacteria as pathogens Antigen-presenting cells The specific immune response Antibiotics and the existence of resistant strains Preventing the spread of pathogens Vaccinations Primary defences of the human body In addition to content from this module, links are made to earlier modules and challenges posed so that students can see how connections between the modules have to be made to be successful. This resource is suitable for use at the end of the module, in the lead up to AS or A2 mocks or in the lead up to the actual A-level exams.